Welcome - The story of Norway War Resistance Peace

TIME LINE:
	1940
	1941

TIME LINE 1940

APRIL

Notes

1-Berlin	Hitler issues order to invade Norway – ‘Zero Hour’ 0515 April 9th.
3 – 7	German troopships and warships leave for Narvik, Trondheim, Kristiansand, Stavanger, Oslo and Bergen	Operation Weserübung
8	German troopship Rio de Janeiro sunk near Lillesand by Polish submarine ‘Orzal.’ Telegram from British Naval Staff warning of German warships off Norwegian coast.Hectic parliamentary activity in Oslo	Naval Action
9 – OSLO Hamar Oslo Hamar April 9 Hamer Oslo Elverum	0015 - First air raid warning. 0135 - All clear 0410 – Second air raid warning. Electricity cut off 0415 – Planned arrival time of German Forces 0421 – The fortress at Oscarsborg, near Drøbak in the inner Oslofjord, opens fire on the German cruiser ‘Blücher’ causing her to sink. This action delays the arrival of the invading forces in Oslo and gives Norwegian authorities a breathing space to make plans. 0430 – German minister Bräuer presents ’ultimatum’ to Norwegian Foreign Minister Koht. Ultimatum rejected. Decision to evacuate the Royal Family, Government and Parliament. (RFGP) 0500 – First Norwegian aircraft sent aloft at daybreak 0600 – All clear 0700 – Train carrying RFGP leaves Oslo towards Hamar and Lillehammer. Many delays. 0730 – Third air raid warning0735 – Norwegian aircraft attack German invading aircraft 0745 – Planned time of landing for German air forces 0820 – The first German plane lands at Fornebu. Other remnants of the air battles arrive shortly afterwards with their loads of soldiers and supplies. 1245 – A group of 4-500 German soldiers enters Akershus fortress 1300 – The last of 26 trucks loaded with Norway’s gold reserves left the city heading North. 1300 – Train with RFGP arrives. Short Parliamentary meeting followed by meeting of the National Council. 1400 – Oslo’s commander, Col. Schnitler, surrenders the city 1600 – Capt. Spiller, the German air attaché in Oslo, leaves the city with a group of paratroopers, a truck and three buses. Their aim: to head off and capture the King and members of the Government. 1830 – Parliament meets again (142 MPs), to discuss German demands. Decision taken to negotiate. Adjourned 1940 1900 – Spiller’s group reaches Jessheim1930 – Quisling speaks on radio claiming that the Nygaardsvold Government had resigned and that the National Government, with himself as Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, had taken over. 2140 – Parliament convened in gymnasium of high-school. Mowinckel, Lykke and Sundby selected as negotiators. Hambro formulates the important Elverum Mandate that gave the Government authorisation to act “in the best interests of the country’s security and future,” until the next “ordinary” meeting of Parliament could be convened.Crown Princes Märtha and her three children driven towards Sweden.	Blücher Gold
April 10 Midtskogen Elverum Oslo	0130 – Spiller’s group attacks a farm where about 90 Norwegian troops are blocking the road to Elverum. The battle lasts almost two hours. Spiller is fatally wounded and his depleted group returns to Hamar. This is the first land battle of the war and Norwegian ‘success’ again gives the RFGP a breathing space. 0155 – RFGP leave by train ‘Panic Day’– inhabitants flee city on rumours of bombing

APRIL

Notes

11	German aircraft bomb ElverumOtto Ruge takes over as Commander in Chief Norwegian Forces
14	British Troops to NamsosYoung Norwegians attempt to destroy important bridge near Oslo – perhaps the first act of sabotage?
15	Appeal from some of Oslo’s leading citizens to avoid “sabotage and destruction.”Administrative Council established by Supreme Court in Oslo. Quisling forced to withdraw.RFGP at Otta
16	Bishop Berggrav warns against civil resistance towards occupying forces; “only warriors wage wars.”
17	British Troops to Steinkjer.RFGP to Vagå. National Council Meeting
18	Ill-equipped and unseasoned British troops land at Namsos and Åndalsnes
19	Food rationing imposed
20	French Alpine Troops land at NamsosGerman aircraft bomb Namsos
21	German aircraft bomb Steinkjer
22	Basis for Nortraship laid down at Cabinet meeting in Stuguslåtten in Romsdalen.	Nortraship
23	Åndalsnes bombed by German aircraft
23	RFGP to Molde
24	Hitler appoints Terboven as “Reichskommissar” – Governor – in Norway.
25	Molde bombed by German aircraft
27	In a letter to ‘Nationen’, Knut Hamsun attacks the RFGP which –“gave orders for mobilization and then ran away”.
28	British troops ordered to evacuate from Southern NorwayKristiansund bombed by German aircraft.	Escape by Sea
29	New, stricter rationing laws imposedKing George VI sends telegram to King Haakon and sends HMS Glasgow to evacuate “to wherever you want to go.”
30	Kristiansund and Molde severely damaged by German bombs

MAY

Notes

1	The King, Parliament and Government arrive in TromsøTo avoid German bombing, the King moves to a country house outside Målselv – his home for the next 36 days.Hospital ship ‘Dronning Maud’ bombed by German aircraftNorwegian troops withdraw northwards from central Norway
4	In a letter to several newspapers, Knut Hamsun writes: “Throw down your weapons and go home.” Oslo newspapers refuse to print letter.
5	Hegra Fortress, near Trondheim capitulates to Germans
7	Proclamation from King Haakon printed in ‘Lofotposten’“I implore all Norwegians to support us in our attempts to free the country…Norway’s future is at stake.”
11 - Bergen	Editor of newspaper Bergens Tidende severely censored by German commandant. Newspaper banned 14 to 21 May
12 - 13	British ships sail into Herjangsfjord, north of Narvik and landed French and British troops in the first stage of the plan to drive the Germans from Narvik. Norwegian forces, although outnumbered by elite German forces, manage to drive them from the mountain plateau east of Narvik.
17 - Tromsø	Norway’s Independence Day – King Haakon speaks on radio to Norwegian people, advising of his departure and of his determination never to give up the fight to free the country.Nordahl Grieg reads his poem “Idag står flaggstangen naken” (Today the flag pole naked stands).
20 Trondheim	Shoes rationed in North and South Trøndelag.
22 - Oslo	First publication of the German Newspaper, ‘Deutsche Zeitung in Norwegen.’ Encourages Norwegians “to learn German”.
26 - Oslo	Labour Party Conference. Most of the leaders were in Northern Norway. Trygve Bratteli elected as party secretary. No support for ‘peace wing’ of party.
27 - BodøOslo	Massive destruction by German aircraftTerboven informs leaders of political parties that all political meetings are henceforth prohibited.
28 - Dunkerque Narvik	A Norwegian coal transport, “Hird”, after 14 days enforced stay in the port, takes aboard 3500 British and French troops and civilians, and takes them safely to Cherbourg.French and Norwegian troops drive Germans from Narvik – Hitler’s first reverse.
29 - Oslo	The newspaper ‘Dagbladet’ banned for 8 days because of article describing the German occupation of Belgium.
31 - NarvikBodø	Bombed by German aircraft for first time since German withdrawal.British troops evacuated from peninsula.

JUNE

Notes

1	Government advised that Northern Norway must capitulate as last allied forces leave. But Norwegian troops continue to fight.
2 - Narvik	Heavy bombing by 23 German aircraft. British fighters shoot down 7 but much damage to building in town and 35 civilians killed
7 - Tromsø	The King, Parliament and Government leave Norway on board HMS Devonshire bound for England
8 - Bergen North SeaNarvik	Extensive fires followed by huge explosion, Many Norwegian civilians and German troops killed..British aircraft carrier ‘Glorious’ sunk by ‘Scharnhorst and Gneisenau.German troops re-enter Narvik – the battle for N. Norway ends.
9 – Tromsø	Norwegian forces capitulate after resisting the invasion for an unexpected two months. Tromsø radio broadcasts proclamation from Government stating that the struggle to drive the Germans out of Norway had not ceased: “On the contrary, we will continue the struggle from outside the country.” General Otto Ruge, in his speech right after the proclamation, promised eventual victory and closed with the stirring words: “This promise will be kept, perhaps not by me…But those who continue the struggle abroad and you who are young, will keep the promise when the time comes.”
10 - Scotland	King Haakon lands in Grennock, near Glasgow. By train to London.
11 - Oslo	German demands to administrative council
15 – Bergen	Huge British air-raid - more than 100 building destroyed.
16 – Ålvik	First sabotage action in occupied Norway. Power station damaged.
19 - Scotland	Norwegian Army Headquarters established by General Fleischer.
20 – London	Norwegian Marine Headquarters established under Admiral Diesen and two other officers.
24	Butter and margarine rationed
25 - Bergen	First Norwegians tried and convicted of spying. Thirteen condemned to death, but later reprieved.
27 Oslo	President Council in Oslo, after fruitless negotiations with Germans, requests King Haakon to abdicate

JULY

Notes

3	Reply to Government from King Haakon. His resounding ‘NO’ reached Oslo by courier on July 6	King Haakon
5	Major Olaf Helset and Capt. John Rognes released from Grini
5	Quisling ‘sent’ to Germany – Terboven trying to get him exiled. Rosenberg and Ræder support Quisling
7	The first regular radio connection established between Oslo and London.
9	Bernhard Håvardsholm arrives in Lerwick. Audience with King in London – confirms that King has full support of Norwegians
10	Government in London receive letter from prominent Norwegians confirming their support and asking Govt. to do utmost to strengthen the fight against Germany.
11	Terboven til Berlin but Hitler rejects his attempt to exile Quisling
15	Britain and Norway protest to Swedish Government about the transit of German forces through Sweden.
17	Meeting of Government in London – all governing bodies appointed in occupied Norway must be considered ‘Temporary’
19	SOE Established in London
21	Terboven returns to Oslo
31	Edict forbids flying of Norwegian flag on King Haakon’s birthday. (Aug 3)

AUGUST

Notes

3	King Haakon’s birthday – no flags – but Haakon 7 in a large V drawn, painted and carved everywhere.
6 - London	Unsuccessful attempt by Arne Sunde to force Foreign Minister Koht to resign.
9 - Tromsø	A curfew from 2300 – 0500 is imposed after burning of building and discovery of two German bodies in wreckage.
13	Hitler orders Von Falkenhorst to position special troops in N. Norway – preparatory to attack on Soviet Union.
15	Back to school for the first time since April 8 for most.
16	Crown-Princess Martha and her 3 children leave Finland for the USA.

SEPTEMBER

Notes

4	Terboven meets Hitler in Berlin – advises against co-operation with NS in Norway and no position for Quisling
5	Quisling meets Hitler in Berlin – requests NS majority in Norway – and a replacement for Terboven.
7	Hitler’s decision – both Quisling and Terboven to remain – negotiations to continue.
Canada	Norwegian Airmen begin to train at Toronto Flying Club – beginning of ‘Little Norway’	Little Norway
8	Discussions continue – German demand that King Haakon should abdicate remained unconditional.
9	Group and president meeting in Parliament – majority for acceptance of German demand.
12	‘Border Zone West’ established in Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland, Bergen, Rogaland Aus tog Vest-Agder and parts of Telemark, Vestfold and Østfold. Travel restrictions imposed.
13-15	Terboven and Quisling again to Berlin. German demands stand
13	Norway’s two athletic organisations agree to merge. Olaf Helset, Foreman and Rolf Hofmo Vice-foreman.
18	After further fruitless negotiations – no agreement.- members of Parliament resign.
20	Freemason activity in Norway banned, property expropriated
21	Royalist Doctor Johan Scharffenberg, in Oslo speech to Student Union, supports King Haakon as icon for Norwegian hopes and independence. Standing ovation.
23	Demonstration in Bergen against travel restrictions
24	Oslo’s Chief of Police, Kristian Welhaven dismissed by Nazis. He was later arrested and sent to Germany
25	Christian Advisory Council for the Norwegian Church established
25	All weapons and ammunition in civilian hands in Norway to be turned in to German authorities before October 4
25	Final chapter in struggle for constitutional power in Norway - Terboven bans all political parties except NS, dissolves Administrative Council, installs Commissioner Government of 13 men, 9 of whom were NS members. Start of ‘nyordningen.’
26	Dr. Scharffenberg and Student Union President Johan Sanness arrested.
28	The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation and other public institutions re-organised with ‘reliable’ NS heads.
28	In a Stavanger newspaper editor Trond Hegna criticizes Terboven’s Comissioner Government. Hegna was arrested and the newspaper closed down the same evening.

OCTOBER

Notes

1	Sale of anything bearing an image of King Haakon or his family prohibited.
1	Axel Stang, the new, ‘appointed’ minister for ‘labour service and athletics’, warns that a three month compulsory ‘labour service’ (CLS) will be implemented from Spring, 1941.	Labour Service
2	Church litany changed – prayer for ‘King and his house’ deleted.
3	Union Leaders Elias Volan and Jens Evensen dismissed and replaced by NS man, Jens Tangen.
3	The Supreme Court issued an opinion on Terboven’s ‘nyordning’ – conclusion that Germany could only implement ‘temporary military power.’ The opinion was generally ignored.
4	Terboven edict to all public employees, including teachers: “join NS or lose job”
4	General Otto Ruge from his Grini prison, appoints Olaf Helset and John Rognes as his representatives when he is sent to Germany.
12	Norwegian Athletic Association met with Axel Stang to discuss the Association’s political and athletic independence
17	Quisling visits Bergen – anti-Quisling demonstrations.
18	All clothing rationed.
22	Interior Minister Hagelin issues new orders bringing all local councils under NS control.
23	Coastal Steamer ‘Princesse Ragnhld’ sinks after hitting a mine – 300 persons died.
25	Terboven proclaims that all political cases to be tried by a special court.

NOVEMBER

Notes

7	Resistance leaders met at Professor W. Werenskiold’s home. Organization plan for R-Group approved for civil and military.	Resistance
9	Divorce Law changed to allow divorce if one of couple is abroad
10	Jonas Lie visits Bergen - further anti-NS demonstrations.
10	Canada -‘Little Norway’ – the training camp for Norwegian airmen officially opened.
16	NS Justice Minister Riisnæs advises that his department henceforth will be responsible for all ‘hiring’ and ‘firing’ of judges and other judicial official.
17	Norwegian Farmers’ Association votes against joining NS-controlled association.
17	Larvik- peaceful demonstration against NS minister.
19	London – Foreign Minister Koht given sick leave for 3 months. Trygve Lie temporary replacement.
19	The Norwegian Supreme Court rejects the Justice Department’s edict of November 17.
20	A large majority of teachers refused to sign under acceptance of Terboven’s ‘loyalty oath’ of October 4.
21	All previous athletic associations disbanded and reformed as the Nazi-dominated Norwegian Athletic Association
25	Oslo University Professor Jac. S. Worm-Mữller suspended from duty because of his anti-NS opinions.
28	Dr. Goebbels visited Oslo. Students arrested for turning their backs on him as his car drove up the main street.

DECEMBER

Notes

1	Passenger ship ‘Oslofjord’ sunk in Tynemouth by acoustic mine
2	Wearing of badges in support of Royal Family prohibited
4	Ålesund – 32 arrested for demonstrations against NS control of town
6	The Justice Department advised that the retirement age for all public officials was reduced from 70 to 65. The Supreme Court argued that this move was illegal.
12	All Supreme Court judges resign in protest against Nazi policies
14	Oslo – Widespread demonstrations against Nazi and NS rule.
15	London – Trygve Lie, in a speech on BBC, says that the one aim of the exile Government is to…free Norway.
21	New High Court judges appointed – all Nazi sympathisers.
21	‘Fuhrer’ principal introduced at local government level.
23	Kristiansand – The entire police force resigns in protest against the order instituting the ‘Hitler salute’ (Heil Hitler)
24	British planes bomb snow shelters over railway tracks near Finse.

TIME LINE 1941

An unusually cold winter throughout Norway – minus 30 degrees Celsius in Oslo. A year when everything looked bleak to “good” Norwegians who faced increasing Nazi oppression.

JANUARY

Notes

1	Odd Starheim put ashore from British U-boat near Farsund – one of first Linge-Company men to return to Norway.
3	Two German ships sunk by British navy near Reve in Rogaland
4	First copy of illegal newspaper ‘Free Trade Union’ distributed.
6	USA – Roosevelt proclaims “America must be the arsenal for countries fighting against the Axis.”
7	London – Churchill’s ‘No’ to attacks on Norwegian coast
9	Nordland Regiment established by Quisling – to be attached to Waffen SS.
11	USA – Lend/Lease Act signed in Washington
11	London – Norwegian Intelligence Unit established in co-operation with British Secret Service.
16	Bergen-‘Hirden’ demonstrated against the Jewish violinist Ernst Glaser who was to perform with the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra, using Ole Bull’s violin.
20	Bergen – 5 men sentenced to 9 years in prison for issuing illegal newspaper ‘Nordmannen’.
21	Col. Halvor Hansson arrested.
24	Five Norwegian ships, ‘under arrest’ in Gothenburg, escape to UK
28	Heinrich Himmler visits Oslo – support for Terboven
31	‘Nordland’ regiment of ‘Frontkjempere’ swears oath of allegiance to Himmler.
31 London	Arnulf Øverland’s poem ‘To the King’ published anonymously in ‘Norsk Tidende’. Widespread ‘illegal’ distribution in Norway

FEBRUARY

Notes

1	The King, Parliament and Government arrive in TromsøTo avoid German bombing, the King moves to a country house outside Målselv – his home for the next 36 days.Hospital ship ‘Dronning Maud’ bombed by German aircraftNorwegian troops withdraw northwards from central Norway
4	In a letter to several newspapers, Knut Hamsun writes: “Throw down your weapons and go home.” Oslo newspapers refuse to print letter.
5	Hegra Fortress, near Trondheim capitulates to Germans
6	Pastoral letter, refusing to accept changes decreed by Nazis, sent to all congregations, and read from most pulpits.
8	Gestapo impounded 7000 copies of Pastoral letter.
12	Norwegian M/S Borgestad, the leading ship in a convoy of 19 “sacrificed itself” to save 12 ships.
15	Hitler orders strengthening of German defences in Norway against British invasion: Fortress Norway	Fortress Norway
17	Bergen – Two-day strike of high-school students against Nazi infiltration, propaganda, and bullying by members of Quisling’s ‘hird.’
21	London – Foreign Minister Halvdan Koht resigns.
25	Bergen – Verdict in the ‘Haugesund Spy Affair’– 10 sentenced to death, seven got long prison sentences, and one was acquitted. The death sentences were later commuted but four of the men were forced to diffuse several unexploded bombs before they were released.
Feb – Mar	Bergen – The Gestapo apprehended a large Resistance group led by Roald Alvær. In May 1941, 34 of the men arrested were sentenced to death. .

MARCH

Notes

4	Operation Claymore: 550 British and 53 Norwegian commandoes land in Svolvær, Stamsund, Henningsvær and Brettesnes. Germans completely surprised by this first combined operation.	Operation Claymore
10	Letter from Quisling to Hitler (via Dr.Lammers) insisting that the relationship between Norway and Germany be formalized with NS as controlling party in Norway. Hitler’s short reply: No way!
17	Education Department decides to replace English with German in schools from 1942.
27	A Norwegian force of 40 men lands on Jan Mayen to secure weather station
27	Frankfurt – Quisling demands joint European laws against Jews.

APRIL

Notes

3	Leaders of 22 Unions signed letter of protest against placement of NS members in Union positions. No reply from Terboven.
5	Another letter from Church Department warning priests against expressing anti-NS opinions from the pulpit.
9	Quisling ‘sent’ to Germany – Terboven trying to get him exiled. Rosenberg and Ræder support Quisling
12	London: On this, the first anniversary of the invasion, King Haakon spoke on the BBC radio and praised the firm line of the Supreme Court, the Church, and the Unions. In spite of Nazi ban on demonstrations, many workers stopped work at midday.
15	Stavanger: Sven Oftedal fired from his post as ‘Stavanger Aftenblad’ editor by Nazis.
23	All high-school graduation celebrations prohibited.
25	‘Mein Kampf’ translated into Norwegian.
28	Iceland - 26 recently graduated pilots and ground crews arrived from Canada to join Squadron 330(N) under Squadron Leader Bugge.
28	Propaganda Minister Lunde issues edict against; “books that damage national and social progress…”
29	Two of Norway’s most important holidays – May 1 and May 17 – are decreed ‘normal working days’.

MAY

Notes

1	According to Terboven in a speech today, the Norwegian people “have much to thank Quisling and his men in the NS for…”
5	A mine exploded in the sea outside Bergen killing 7 men.
6	Sola Airport near Stavanger attacked by British aircraft.
8	The Soviet Union broke off diplomatic relations with Norway.”
8	Six Norwegians accused of helping the British Forces on March 4 during ‘Operation Claymore were sentenced to long imprisonment.
15	The leaders of 43 National Organizations sent a formal letter of protest to Terboven against the Nazification policy.
16	Hand-written greetings from King Haakon dropped from aircraft over many coastal areas
17	London – King Haakon makes speech from the Norwegian Seamen’s Church. “…convinced of …a free Norway and… remembered that just a year ago he had heard the service on a radio in a cabin near Målselv.
17	No public celebration of Constitution day but Church services filled to overflowing.
19	Iceland– Northrop aircraft, reserves, and ammunition arrive.
20	The battleship ‘Bismarck’ heads for Norwegian ports but is observed by Swedish Intelligence officer who advised Norwegian military attaché in Stockholm, Col. Roscher-Lund. British Intelligence was informed and the hunt for the ‘Bismarck’ began.
21	Oslo – Actors and actresses at National Theatre strike. The strike spread to Bergen and Trondheim. Fourteen of strikers’ representatives arrested. Strike lasts five weeks.
21	Oslo - Norway’s first SS Regiment established. 150 men from ‘Hirden’ took oath of allegiance to Hitler and Quisling. Himmler praised Jonas Lie and said that May 21 would be a day to remember in the history of the joint Germanic fellowship.
27	Battleship ‘Bismarck’ sunk by ‘Prince of Wales’ off Brest
28	London – Military agreement signed between Norway and Britain.
30	All concerts in Norway to be approved and all song text censored.

JUNE

Notes

4	Bergen – Erling Marthinsson sentenced to death for attempting to escape to England. Later, he did manage to escape.
5	Circular letter to all priests warning against new text book.
8	Bergen – Night attack by British bombers.
10	Controversial Milorg report sent to King Haakon in which; “Domestic control” was bone of contention.
12	Oslo: The Justice Department proclaims that workers who join the SS are guaranteed against unemployment. Full wages during their absence are also guaranteed.
14	The first civilian prisoners, 150 men, arrive at Grini	Grini
18	Terboven summoned the leaders of the organizations who had signed the May 15 letter. Five were arrested, many were fired and replaced by NS members but the LO (TUC) was spared
20	Oslo – Leaders of the civilian resistance movement meet – ‘Kretsen’ formed to replace ‘R’Group. Grimelund meeting
21	Curfew imposed in major Norwegian towns.
22	Germany attacks USSR – German action in Norway against communists – many leaders arrested.
22	Ålesund – 70 men arrested as hostages for sons who had fled to England. Huge demonstration as the men were driven to pier for embarkation to a destination and a fate unknown.
23	Jews arrested in Oslo, Harstad, Narvik and Tromsø. Most of them were released but anti-Semite campaign gained strength.
26	Oslo: Harald Grieg, Francis Bull, Jens P. Heyerdahl and J Sejersted Bødtker – all directors of the National Theater – arrested.
28	Norwegian volunteers in SS Regiments in battle against Russians.
30	Hitler approves establishment of special Norwegian Legion to fight for Germany against Russia.
30	Letter from TUC to Terboven – “Release the arrested Union members.”

JULY

Notes

5	Volunteers to the Norwegian Legion to be given significant financial support for themselves and their families
5	Haugesund – harbour bombed.
10	Baard Krogvig visits Norway to investigate Milorg organisation
17	Reply from London, almost a reprimand, to Milorg’s letter of June 10
17	Haugesund bombed again
21	Norwegian squadron 331(N) established at RAF Catterick
25	London – Government obtained two Lockheed-Lodestars for London – Stockolm route
30	LO leaders Tangen and Hansteen summoned to Terboven.
30	British aircraft attack German ships in Kirkenes harbour.
31	Oslo: Five TUC members, arrested in June, were released..
31	Tverboven issues an edict giving him greater powers and allowing harsher punishments to combat “…unusual events that affected the public life in Norway.” ‘State of Emergency Edict.’
31	British naval force to Svalbard – N. Government not informed. Admiral Vian (Jössingfjord) in charge.

AUGUST

Notes

2	All radios, except those owned by NS members, confiscated
2	Quisling letter to Dr. Lammer, Hitler’s chief advisor – arguing for an independent N.S. Norwegian Government
9	Lawyers Henning Bødtker, Paul Frank and Olav Tendeland barred from practise because of “malignant attack against NS”
11	Frithjof Pedersen, Alf Konrad Lindeberg and Melankton Rasmussen shot in Akershus fortress. They were the first members of the Resistance to be executed by the Germans.
12	Sale of milk and milk products strictly regulated.
21	London: Commanding Admiral Henry Diesen resigned because of disagreement about use of flights on ‘Stockholm route.’
25	Oslo: Meeting of Home Forces leaders to discuss constitutional and political questions. Second ‘Grimelund-møte’
30	German troopships Donau and Bahia Laura sunk off N. coast.

SEPTEMBER

Notes

2	Norwegian inhabitants evacuated from Svalbard onboard ‘Empress of Canada’ Coal stocks set on fire.
3	Oslo:The Justice Department abolishes the jury system.
3	SS Gruppenfϋher Reinhard Heydrich visits Oslo
6-7	British aircraft bomb Oslo harbour, little damage, few casualties.
8	Milk rationing imposed – some industrial workers strike.
8	Paul Hartmann arrived in London as first official representative for the Norwegian Resistance movement.
10	State of emergency declared in Oslo and Akershus. Union official Viggo Hansteen and Rolf Wickstrøm tried and executed on same day. Many others arrested and sentenced to hard labour – among them: Einar Gerhardsen, Lars Evensen, Konrad Nordahl and Haakon Lie.
11	Students and faculty of Oslo University summoned to meeting by SS Sturmbannführer Knab. Chancellor, Prof. Seip was relieved of his position and arrested later same day.
12	British aircraft attack Haugvik foundry in Glomfjord.
15	Russian submarine landed 13 men, Russian and Norwegians, on the Varanger peninsula.
16	State of emergency lifted.
20	In a secret order from the German High Command, all resistance in occupied countries to be attributed to communists. For every German killed in such cases, 50 – 100 hostages to be executed.
21	Squadron 331 moved to Skebrae in the Orkneys.
25	Secretaries of State ‘promoted’ to Ministers by Terboven
25	Germans establish weather stations on abandoned Longyearby.
26	New edict from Terboven – death penalty to apply to “attempts to escape to enemy territory, or activities on behalf of enemy.”

OCTOBER

Notes

2	Bergen; One of largest resistance groups in Norway – The Stein Gang – infiltrated and broken up by Gestapo. 200 men arrested
3	N. Government in London approves death penalty for traitors.
6	Vidkun Quisling attends loyalty ceremony of the Norwegian Legion in Germany.
19	Fishing boat Nordsjøen sailed from Shetlands to Nordmøre and laid 42 mines. – Leif Larsen – ‘Shetlands-Larsen’ was one of crew .
22	Ivar Duesund and Karsten Wang executed.

NOVEMBER

Notes

6	Bjørn Christophersen, Secretary to the newly established Norwegian Defence Council in London, presented the first of a series of notes which outlined the projected Norwegian contribution to the liberation of Norway.
8	Norwegian translations of foreign authors forbidden.
14	Students at Oslo University on strike against Nazification of the students’ representatives.
20	N. Government in London recognizes Milorg as a “military organization… reporting directly to H.O.K” (Army Supreme Command)
22	H Ingvald Garbo sentenced to death and executed for “attempting to undermine the German defence forces’ internal strength.”
24	In a note to Oscar Torp, the SOE (Special Operations Executive) outlines plans for co-operation with N. resistance.
28	London- Defence Minister Ljungberg given three months leave of absence. Oscar Torp takes over his duties.

DECEMBER

Notes

1	Kristiansand; Harbour attacked by British aircraft.
4	Bjarne Thorsen returns to Bergen from England with radio transmitter and coder earmarked for Theta group
4	Oslo – large numbers of ration-cards for food and clothes stolen from Rationing office.
11	N. citizens living abroad to lose citizenship and forfeit their assets in Norway.
11	Oslo - KK (Co-ordination committee) issues the first of many ‘paroles’ – guidelines on how ‘good’ Norwegian should behave.
13	The first of three groups of men from the Linge Company landed in Selvær to organize a military force in Helgeland.
14	Haugesund: Harbour bombed..
15	Chocolate and sweets rationed.
15	Letter from Bishops to Church Department – “Bishops have the right and duty to be informed and asked to comment before Church-related actions are initiated.”
26-27	British and Norwegian forces attack Lofoton, Vågsøy and Måløy
27	Herdla airport near Bergen bombed.
29	‘Stavanger episode’ – eleven Norwegian men shot for espionage – they were sentenced to death on December 3.
31	Russian aircraft bomb Kirkenes – 11 German officers killed.